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Acer
campestre ~ Field Maple
Good autumn colour, yellowish green; prefers alkaline
soil; shade tolerant; has pink winged seeds |
Acer
pseudoplatanus ~ Sycamore
Large leaved robust tree; hardy, has winged
seeds. Copes well in exposed and coastal situations. |
Alnus
glutinosa ~ Common Alder
Dark green leaves; reddish stems; green catkins.
Enjoys damp conditions. Fixes nitrogen in the soil,
so good for colonising waste ground. Excellent for
wild life. |
Berberis
darwinii ~ Darwin's Barberry
Evergreen shrub. Discovered by Darwin in South America.
Orange/red flowers in early spring followed by blue
berries in summer. Small holly like leaves. Popular
with birds and insects.
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Berberis
glaucocarpa ~ Great Barberry
Forms a prickly hedge or can be grown as a small
tree. Semi evergreen. Frosted blue/black berries.
A Himalayan introduction that has established itself
in the Porlock area.
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Berberis
vulgaris ~ Barberry 15-20
Dense spiny branches. Yellow flowers and translucent
red berries. A host for Black Rust fungus in Wheat,
so best kept in the garden.
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Betula
pendula ~ Birch
White bark; pale green leaves; catkins in the spring.
Needs light and does well in poor soils. Supports
a high number of invertebrates. |
Betula
pubescans ~ Downey Birch
Good for damp, upland areas. Not as graceful as the
silver birch. |
Buxus
sempervirens ~ Common Box
Dense, dark, evergreen shrub that provides good, year
round cover for birds. Can be trimmed and shaped. |
Carpinus
betulus ~ Hornbeam
A handsome sinewy tree with grey fluted trunks
and crowns of dense toothed leaves. Very hard wood
that burns brightly and also produces a very hot burning
charcoal. Survives very well in the company of browsing
animals. |
Castanea
sativa ~ Sweet Chestnut
Not recognised by purists as a true native, requires
warmth, sun and a fertile soil. An excellent coppice
tree. Produces durable stakes for fencing and chestnuts
in autumn for roasting. |
Clematis
vitalba ~ Travellers Joy
Also known as Old Mans Beard. A climber that
can reach 30m; it has fragrant white flowers from
July to September producing woolly plumed fruit. |
Cornus
sanguina ~ Common Dogwood
Good autumn and winter colour, with greenish/red
stems and rich purple leaves in autumn. Black bitter
fruit. Prefers damp alkaline soils. |
Cornus
alba ~ Red-barked Dogwood
Happy in wet or dry soil,good autumn leaf
colour and white berries. |
Corylus
Avellana ~ Hazel
A shade tolerent suckering shrub. Yellow
catkins in feburary produce early pollen for insects.
Early nuts in autumn attract small mammals |
Cotoneaster
bullatus
Large, shiny,
corrugated leaves, which colour well in autumn.
Clusters of large, red berries much loved by blackbirds.
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Crataegus
crus-galli ~ Cockspur Thorn
A native of North America grown as a specimen plant
or for hedging. Flowers and fruit similar to Hawthorn
but the leaves are not lobed. Spectacular thorns
as its name suggests. |
Crataegus
monogyna ~ Hawthorn
Also known as Quickthorn, Whitethorn and May. Blossoms
in May has red berries in Autumn. A common thorny
hedging plant. Excellent food source for wildlife. |
Euonymous
europaeus ~ Spindle
Small leaved hedging shrub; produces shocking
pink berries containing bright orange seeds that hang
like lanterns. Young wood used to make skewers. Prefers
alkaline soil. |
Fagus
sylvatica ~ Beech
Bright green leaves in spring; holds onto its leaves
in winter. Is shade tolerant but does survive dry
exposed positions. |
F.sylvatica
atropurpureum ~ Copper Beech
Similar to Fagus sylvatica but the leaves are purple |
Fraxinus
excelsior ~ Ash
A very useful tree and a handsome addition to a hedge;
requires fertile and damp conditions. Produces attractive
light green bunches of seed which ripen to black. |
Hippophae
rhamnoides ~ Sea Buckthorn(FG)
A spiny shrub whose leaves and twigs are covered in
silvery scales. Salt tolerant. Bears bright orange
berries loved by birds. Barbed wire on sticks! |
Ilex
aquifolium ~ Holly
A small understorey tree, tolerates deep shade
and is usually associated with Oak wood. Slow growing,
produces berries in about 20 years. Surprisingly palatable
stock. |
Juniperus
communis ~ Juniper
Grows on the steep north edge of Exmoor; likes
a neutral soil; dry and exposed conditions. Very slow
growing evergreen shrub producing black berries to
flavour gin. |
Larix
decidua ~ European Larch
Deciduous; bright green feathery shoots in
spring turning to gold in autumn. First introduced
to Britain in 1620. Excellent for fence posts and
rails. |
Ligustrum
vulgare ~ Wild Privet
Semi evergreen. A tall suckering shrub that prefers
alkaline conditions. White scented flowers and matt
black poisonous berries. |
Lonicera
periclymenum ~ Honeysuckle
A hedgerow climber. It's sweet smell, particularly
strong at night, attracts moths from over quarter
of a mile away. |
Malus
sylvestris ~ Crab Apple
Pinkish/white blossom in spring and greenish
yellow apples. A good tree for inclusion in a hedge.
Encourages wildlife and jelly making. |
Pinus
sylvestris ~ Scots Pine
Reddish orange bark; evergreen needles. Frost
hardy; happy in dry exposed areas; likes a bare sandy
soil. Our only native pine. Doesn't establish well
on peat. |
Prunus
avium ~ Wild Cherry
White blossom; dark red fruit with little flesh;
crimson autumn foliage. Suitable for exposed sites
and happy in dry conditions.
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Populus
Tremula ~ Aspen
Fast growing suckering tree. Hardy with yellow
autumn colour. One of the first trees to reappear
after the Ice Age. |
Prunus
cerasifera ~ Cherry Plum
Excellent dense hedging shrub - Blackthorn without
the prickles. White flowers in the spring and red/yellow
fruit in the autumn. |
Prunus
domestica ~ Damson
Seed collected from a hedgerow tree on a farm
above Dulverton. White flowers producing medium sized
fruit in September. |
Prunus
spinosa ~ Blackthorn
White blossom in Spring; dark blue Sloes in
autumn. Forms a dense prickly hedge. Tolerant of exposure;
good cover for birds and insects. |
Pyrus
communis ~ Wild Pear
Commonly used by the Anglo Saxons as a boundary
tree. Mantles of dazzling white blossom in April.
Has a very dense wood which only just floats. |
Quercus
cerris ~ Turkey Oak
A non-native fast growing oak. Excellent by the coast.
Atree for park land and avenues. |
Quercus
ilex ~ Holm Oak
The evergreen oak with dark shiny leaves. Tolerant
of exposed conditions. |
Quercus
petraea ~ Sessile Oak
The main oak of Exmoor. Copes well in an acid
soil but needs good light. A handsome tree. Acorns
produced irregularly. |
Quercus
robur ~ English Oak
Common in central and south-east England as it does
not enjoy wet, upland conditions. |
Rhamnus
cathatica ~ Common or Purging Buckthorn
Tall spiny shrub preferring alkaline conditions.
Shiny black berries. Host to the Brimstone butterfly.
Alternate name – purging buckthorn reflects
an early use of its berries
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Rhamnus
frangula ~ Alder Buckthorn
Thrives in damp acid soils. It is spineless,
the leaves resemble the Alder and fruits are red changing
to black. The charcoal produced from its wood is the
finest for making gunpowder. |
Rosa
canina ~ Dog Rose
White/pink flowers in summer and red hips in
autumn. A useful and attractive thorny plant to include
in a hedge. |
Rosa
rubiginosa ~ Sweet Briar
Shakespeare's Eglatine has pink flowers in
summer and red hips in autumn, the leaves smell strongly
of apple in damp weather. Produces a dense prickly
barrier. |
Salix
caprea ~ Goat Willow
One of the first willows to flower and produce
food for early imerging insects. |
Sambucus
nigra ~ Elder
Fragrant flowers in June, and lovely black
berries; useful for wine making. Prefers chalky soil. |
Sorbus
aria ~ Whitebeam
White flowers in loose clusters producing red
berries in autumn. Bright green leaves with silver
undersides that, in spring, resemble Magnolia flower
buds just before they open. |
Sorbus
aucuparia ~ Rowan
The Mountain Ash is happy in acid soil and exposed
sites. Flowers white, berries red, the birds love
them. Good for hedge or establishing woodland. |
Sorbus
torminalis ~ Wild Service Tree
A medium size tree. Leaves like Maple, bark
like Wild Cherry. Timber valued for fine work, carving,
pulleys etc. Autumn colours come in patches, hence
the folk name 'Chequers Tree'. |
Taxus
baccata ~ Yew 15-30
Dark green, slow growing, tolerant of shade
and salt. The red berries are attractive to some birds
and mammals, the leaves are poisonous. An ancient
and mystic tree. |
Tillia
cordata ~ Small-leaf Lime
A tall tree and very long-lived with smooth
grey bark, wonderfully fragrant when in full blossom.
The blossum makes a rich tea, tilleul, which has been
recommended as a mild sedative. Coppicing produces
fuel, poles and excellent wood to carve. |
Viburnum
lantana ~ Wayfaring Tree
Dark green leaves; creamy white umbels of Lily
scented flowers in early summer producing bunches
of red to black fruit in autumn. |
Viburnum
opulus ~ Guelder Rose
Flowers similar to the 'lacecap' hydrangea;
lovely red leaves and bright red berries in autumn.
Enjoys damp conditions and a nuetral soil. Adds all
year interest to a hedge. |
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